Electric cars and Lithium-ion battery technology

Battery and its management system is one of the key technologies of electric vehicles. In the past few years, most enterprises in the development of electric vehicles has been embarrassed, mainly because the use of lead-acid, nickel cadmium, nickel metal hydride battery (Ni-MH) and so on. Now, after research and experiments, the use of a higher energy density lithium-ion battery to replace lead and nickel-metal hydride batteries, used in the automotive sector is becoming a core technology, which is light weight, energy storage and large power, no pollution, and no secondary pollution, long life, self-discharge coefficient, a wide range of temperature adaptation, is the electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric cars, large trucks, such as better electric car batteries. The disadvantage is more expensive, less secure. But now there is technology developed lithium manganese oxide, lithium iron phosphate, lithium vanadium phosphate and other new materials, greatly improving the safety of lithium-ion battery, and reduces costs.

With the dramatic cost reduction and performance greatly improved, many automobile manufacturers have been put into use lithium-ion batteries. The following table is the main manufacturers of lithium-ion battery development and production summary. As of October 2006 until more than 20 countries have the world's major depot for lithium-ion battery research and development. Such as Fuji Heavy Industries and NEC to develop low-cost monomer (Cell) manganese lithium-ion battery (ie, lithium manganese batteries), with high security, low cost features of the life of the vehicle environment, up to 12 years, 10 million kilometers , and pure electric vehicles the vehicle life quite. Toshiba may be the rapid development of rechargeable lithium-ion batteries, in addition to small, high-capacity characteristics, the use of nano-particles can homogenization fixation techniques, allow lithium-ion battery anode adsorbed evenly, and can in one minute charged to within 80% of its capacity, and then after 6 minutes fully charged. Johnson Controls battery plant major U.S. demand for electric cars lithium-ion batteries in properties in September 2005 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, set up R & D locations, in January 2006 another 50% funded jointly established with the French battery company Saft Johnson Controls-Saft Advanced Power Solution (JCS). JCS in August 2006 to undertake the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) led by the 2-year USABC (United States Advanced Battery Consortium) lithium-ion battery electric vehicle research and development plan contract, other automakers are also contracted with to provide high-power lithium-ion batteries.

In the lithium-ion batteries of the research level, there are a number of indicators over the USABC long-term targets for 2010 proposed by the goals set have been able to develop a dosage of 50 to 80 kilograms, suitable for electric bicycles, electric motorcycles , petrol hybrid vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, traveling at 80 kilometers from the small, light to work for household use lithium-ion battery electric cars, and good enough safe driving performance. Since 1997, the Suzhou industrial experience as a national star Constant lithium-ion battery industrialization demonstration project base, its battery pack has been developed by the United States and the European Union UL ExtraEnergy independent testing and certification organization, and built the first power in Suzhou Lithium-ion battery production lines and a smooth trial production, mass production now.

Currently, lithium-ion batteries used in electric vehicle project, a battery life of the mechanism (high-power battery aging characteristics, aging battery diagnosis, the electrochemical model of the aging batteries, the battery life prediction method development), battery performance at low temperature (low temperature performance characteristics, low temperature electrolyte model, low temperature performance analog), tolerance, thermal deviation, over the load deviation, diagnosis and reduce battery costs (materials selection and development, low-cost manufacturing) and so on. Long-term exploration and research focused on two aspects of systems and materials.

On the one hand, most of the companies announced electric vehicle battery laboratory test data, such as acceleration, charge time, continuing mileage, etc., must in the actual operation of the complex external environment, to further verify its reliability, and production batch quality control. On the other hand, in the production of lithium-ion batteries, lithium ion battery separator material not required for a substantive breakthrough, all rely on imports more expensive, accounting for 30% of the cost of power than the battery. If this material to achieve large-scale production technology, can significantly reduce costs.

In addition, some experts believe that the early 90s from the 20th century, the success of national research electric cars, although the battery specific energy than it is now a new battery to be small, but a variety of electric vehicle testing for the performance indicators, on the general users, but also to meet the. Then fail to realize the main reason for the industrialization of electric vehicles is that battery life is too short. Pure battery electric vehicle components used in general to account for the cost of one half of new car, if you need people in the car within a few years that replacement batteries, it means that the use of high cost. Now, the second-generation electric vehicle battery energy density has been greatly improved battery materials and battery production structure has also made great progress, but its life has not been a major breakthrough. Even if the acceleration can fully meet or exceed the highest level in today's fuel vehicles, battery charging and an electric vehicle fuel mileage to more than a box of the current increase in oil mileage, battery life constraints as a result of the high usage costs will also become commercialization of a major bottleneck.

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Mindset runs with solar roof

The Swiss company has developed with the same mindset electric vehicle fast sports car which has a solar roof. The car weighs less than a ton and comes to a top speed of 140 km / h. In just 7 seconds, he creates a speed of 0 to 100 km / h. For power supply a 70 kilowatt electric motor with lithium-ion battery has been installed. With one charge of Mindset is according to the manufacturer about 200 miles before it needs refilled with new energy into an electrical outlet needs.

Because the glass roof consists in part of the solar electric sports car, however, can certainly go longer distances than 200 kilometers. The vehicle was equipped with gas, brake pedal and an energy recovery. When stepped on the third pedal is a battery charge and it is recovered energy. As a special feature, the mindset will be charged even without power but only when the sun is shining.

The solar cells charge the electric vehicle with sunlight to practically free. If the battery is rapidly charged for it, the "Internal-combustion engine can be turned on. Under the current planning year, 10,000 units are being built but is currently the company looking for an investor to deal with the mindset to go into mass production to. The purchase price is estimated that by probably lie at 30,000 and 50,000 and therefore should not the electric sports car to be affordable for everybody woman.

Mitsubishi: increased capacity for electric vehicle

The Japanese automaker Mitsubishi is planning to media reports, an increase in production capacity of its electric car model with the unusual name "i MiEV" in 2011. The capacity will be doubled from 10,000 to 20,000 vehicles per year. Actually, the production capacity will be expanded this year from 2,000 to 4,000 units but since 2000 there are now pre-orders from business customers was probably now decided to increase production capacity significantly. Next year, the electric vehicle from individual consumers to be acquired.

In addition, starting in 2010 the electric car on an OEM basis to the French car manufacturer Peugeot shipped. Under a cooperation agreement with the lithium battery maker Energy Japan, Mitsubishi and GS Yuasa Corporation, the company will be set up next year a second production line for batteries. Every year, the factory now instead of 2,500 Shiga 5.0000 batteries from the tape and run with greater efficiency, a further 1000-2000 batteries are manufactured.

In Canada, the Mitsubishi "i MiEV" is introduced. A vehicle will be integrated into the fleet of the energy company BC Hydro Company of Vancouver. According to the plans of the Mayor to Vancouver to be the greenest city in the world and the introduction of the Japanese electric car model is an important part of implementation.

Karmann developed electric car

The insolvent manufacturer Karmann convertible operates according to a report in the newspaper "Welt am Sonntag" on developing an electric car. Is this the electric sports sedan, the E3 to a range of 150 kilometers and has to have a top speed of 140 mph.

The electric vehicle is not only for city driving but also long distances as they are designed to take commuters. Unlike the competition, the battery is installed in the subsoil. The environmentally friendly vehicle is made on behalf of the Oldenburg-based energy company EWE and October, six prototypes of the production line. At the Hannover Fair in about two weeks, the sports sedan E3 presented to the public.

The convertible manufacturer Karmann had made last Wednesday to file for bankruptcy because of an impending bankruptcy. The international automotive crisis and the sociality plan cost the company says are responsible for the step in the bankruptcy. Around 3470 people are employed by Karmann and would lose their jobs in an insolvency. Customer satisfaction and the reputation of the manufacturer are high. Therefore, the insolvency administrator is optimistic to find an investor. The amount of the financial needs of the prestigious company is not known. The company is to be preserved and the development of electric sports sedan E3 would help Karmann and thus to save the jobs.

 

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Lenovo ThinkPad T61 Review, @laptopsbattery.us blog

ThinkPad T61 14.1″ widescreen notebook

Important to note is that this review covers the 14.1″ widescreen version of the T61 series. As with any laptop model series, there are going to be widely varying configurations you can choose that will greatly affect system performance.

Specs:

• Processor: Intel T7300 Core 2 Duo (2.0GHz, 800MHz FSB, 4MB Cache)
• Graphics: Intel GMA X3100
• Operating System: Windows Vista Business
• Display: WXGA+ 1440 x 900 (LG screen)
• Hard Drive: 100GB 7200RPM (Seagate Momentus 7200.1)
• Memory: 2GB (1GB x 1GB), up to 4GB max
• Ports: 3 USB 2.0, 1 FireWire, Monitor out, modem, Ethernet, headphone out, microphone in
• Slots: 1 PC Card Slot, 1 ExpressCard slot (optional media card reader and Smart Card reader)
• Optical Drive: Ultra-slim Super-Multi Drive
• Dimensions: 13.2″ x 9.3″ x 1.09 - 1.26″ (335mm x 237mm x 27.6 - 31.9mm)
• Weight: 5.1lbs

The good: Internal roll cage protects LCD; 802.11n Wi-Fi for faster wireless throughput; very small A/C adaptor adds little to overall travel weight; Intel's Active Management Technology provides remote support.

The bad: New Centrino technology doesn't offer outsize performance gains.

The bottom line: Lenovo's 14-inch ThinkPad T61 shaves a few millimeters off the company's more mainstream R-series laptops, but still boasts the same, solid ThinkPad DNA along with IT-friendly features by way of Intel's new Centrino Pro platform.

Design and Build

The ThinkPad T61 is a premium product with a durable build, it is geared towards business users or simply those willing to pay a bit more to get something that won't fall apart after 1-year of use. For somebody that travels a lot or relies on their notebook to earn a livelihood, the build and reliability factor is probably more important than having the latest and greatest components inside.

The keyboard remains the same between the T61 and T60 — meaning it's once again excellent. The only difference is that now there's more room on the keyboard side areas since the notebook body is wider, the speakers have been relocated to this extra real estate. The keyboard is spill proof and has two drain holes to make sure if you do happen to spill your morning Starbucks coffee, the liquid is carried away from sensitive components and out through the bottom of the notebook.

The hard drive is protected within the magnesium roll cage and shock mounted. Even if your T61 is dropped the included Active Protection System (APS) software will work with the on board accelerometer to detect a fall situation and end hard drive activity to prevent data loss.

Screen

The new widescreen format screen for the 14.1″ T-series is either good, bad or somewhere in between depending on your personal preference. Lenovo will try and convince you widescreen offers more screen real estate and so it's better, the reality is the guys making the LCD screens are forcing it down the throats of the PC manufacturers because it's cheaper to make widescreen LCDs.

The particular screen I got is a WXGA+ resolution (1440 x 900). It provides easy viewing and you can fit a good amount on the screen, so no complaints on that front. The screen is crisp and there are no issues with graininess. The matte finish ensures there's little to no glare in office lighting situations.

Processor and Performance

The ThinkPad T61 now uses the Intel Centrino Duo (Santa Rosa) platform. You get a faster processor front side bus (800MHz), more processor cache (4MB) and an improved integrated graphics solution in the form of the Intel X3100. If all that talk is nonsense to you, then suffice it to say the T61 offers newer and better processing components than the T60. Will this performance be perceivable in helping to run MS Word faster? No of course not, but certain processor intensive tasks such as encoding video will be faster. And even if you won't be utilizing every ounce of processing power, just knowing the processor is faster and you're on top of the game is enough to make people like myself want to buy it.

Battery Life

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lenovo thinkpad t61 battery, 14.1″ standard screens and 15.4″ widescreen + 14-inch wide lenovo t61 battery

One thing that's always a concern with a new platform is battery life. Reading the first reviews that came out about the T61 sounded like gloom and doom with reports of 2 hour battery life. It seems most of the initial reviews were done using very power hungry dedicated graphics solutions and with a 4-cell battery.

I had the opportunity to test a larger 6-cell battery on an integrated graphics system, and got 3 hours and 41 minutes of battery life under what I would deem normal usage. I was using the T61 with screen brightness set to half or lower, Vista battery optimized setting, wireless off to get this number. In a torture test, I set the screen brightness to top level, put in a DVD (Stargate) and played it until the battery hit 5% and the PC went to sleep 鈥?which happened after exactly 2 hours 15 minutes. I wouldn't call that bad, it'll get you through most movies.

The downside of a 6-cell battery is that it sticks out of the back (see pics) and weighs more, but I'm always be willing to carry a bit more weight for an extra hour of battery life. A positive comment that should be made is the power adapter is nice and small, it's actually the same size as the X60 ultraportable series adapter.

Keyboard / Touchpad / Pointing Stick

The ThinkPad T-series hasn't changed too much over time, and that's a good thing, there's no use changing something that's just right. The ThinkPad keyboard is one of, if not the best, notebook keyboards out there. There's zero flex, every key feels individual, every key has great travel/feedback and the keyboard is full-size.

The T61 has a pointing stick, I love using this and find it much easier than the provided touchpad — it makes it so you can move the cursor around the screen without having to lift your hand from the keys, a much faster and easier to control style of input. But the great thing is that if the pointing stick isn't your cup of tea then you've got the touchpad as well.

Wireless

The ThinkPad T61 uses the Intel 4965 wireless chip that offers 802.11 a/b/g/n wireless reception. All of your bases are covered there, and the greater range 802.11n offers is on the table if you have an 802.11n router. The range of the ThinkPad is theoretically greater now that the lid material has changed to plastic too. The antenna is run up through the lid for better reception you see, and the new lid material allows radio waves to reach the antenna more easily. I was only able to test up to 100-feet away from my NetGear WGR614 802.11g wireless router, which I despise for its bad performance and tendency to drop connections, but the T61 worked just fine with it and I never suffered a connection drop and throughput was consistently good.

 

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